Element Name: Iodine
- Element Symbol: I
- Atomic Number: 53
- Group: Group 17
- Classification: Reactive Nonmetal
- Block: p-block
- Electron Configuration: [Kr]4d10 5s2 5p5
- Phase at STP: Solid
- Melting Point: 386.85 K (113.7 °C, 236.66 °F)
- Boiling Point: 457.4 K (184.3 °C, 363.7 °F)
- Density at STP: 4.933 g/cm3
- Oxidation States: +7, +6, +5, +4, +3, +1, -1
- Electronegativity (Pauling Scale): 2.66
- Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic
- Magnetic Ordering: Diamagnetic
- Discovery & First Isolation: Bernard Courtois (1811)
Atomic Number: 53
"Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a lustrous, purple-black non-metallic solid at standard conditions that sublimes readily to form a violet gas. The elemental form was discovered by the French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811. It was named two years later by Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac from this property, after the Greek ἰώδης "violet-coloured"."
Oxidant
"Iodine occurs in many oxidation states, including iodide (I−), iodate (IO−3), and the various periodate anions. It is the least abundant of the stable halogens, being the sixty-first most abundant element. It is even less abundant than some of the so-called rare earths. It is the heaviest essential mineral nutrient. Iodine is essential in the synthesis of thyroid hormones.[4] Iodine deficiency affects about two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities."